In a physical assessment of the lower extremities, which test evaluates the ability to perform balance?

• A. Single-leg stand test
• B. Gait assessment
• C. Range of motion test
• D. Functional reach test

Answer: (A)

The single-leg stand test is specifically designed to evaluate balance as it requires the individual to stand on one leg for a certain period of time. This test assesses both static balance and stability, as the individual must maintain their center of gravity over their support base while eliminating the additional support from the opposite leg. Success in this test indicates adequate neuromuscular control and proprioception, which are crucial for balance.

Other assessments listed, such as gait assessment and range of motion tests, primarily focus on other aspects of mobility and physical function rather than balance specifically. The functional reach test, while related to balance, assesses how far a person can reach forward while standing still, rather than their stability on a single leg. Thus, the single-leg stand test is the most direct measure of balance among the given options.