What does the Trendelenburg test assess in the hip region?

• A. Joint range of motion
• B. Gluteal muscle strength and stability
• C. Flexibility of the hip flexors
• D. Patellar tracking during activity

Answer: (B)

The Trendelenburg test primarily assesses gluteal muscle strength and stability, specifically focusing on the hip abductors, which include the gluteus medius and minimus. During the test, the patient is asked to stand on one leg while the clinician observes the alignment and stability of the pelvis. If the gluteal muscles on the standing leg are weak, the pelvis will drop on the opposite side, indicating a lack of stability and strength in the hip abductors.

This test is particularly useful in identifying weaknesses that may contribute to hip or gait dysfunction. A positive Trendelenburg sign, where the pelvis drops on the unsupported side, suggests that the contralateral hip abductors are insufficient in maintaining pelvic stability. This assessment is vital in the evaluation of conditions such as gluteal tendinopathy or hip osteoarthritis.

The other options do not correctly identify what the Trendelenburg test evaluates. Joint range of motion pertains to the flexibility and movement of the joints, while flexibility of the hip flexors involves stretching capabilities rather than muscular strength. Patellar tracking during activity is specifically related to knee function and is not assessed by this particular test. Therefore, the correct answer encompasses the crucial aspect of muscle strength and stability in the hip region.