What is an indication of pes planus (flat feet) during inspection?

• A. A visible arch in the foot when weight-bearing
• B. A lack of a visible arch in the foot when weight-bearing
• C. Increased arch height when pressure is applied
• D. A symmetric foot alignment with normal heel height

Answer: (B)

The indication of pes planus, commonly known as flat feet, is characterized by a lack of a visible arch in the foot when weight-bearing. When a person with flat feet stands, the medial longitudinal arch collapses, leading to a straightened appearance of the foot. This absence of the arch becomes evident during inspection, particularly when the individual is standing or bearing weight, as compared to someone with a normal arch who would exhibit a clear curve in the foot.

A visible arch when weight-bearing suggests normal foot function and structure, while increased arch height with pressure applied indicates a rigid structure that is not consistent with flat feet. Additionally, symmetric foot alignment with normal heel height does not reflect the characteristics of pes planus, as individuals with flat feet often present with misalignments or altered heel positions due to the compensatory mechanisms the body employs. The absence of a visible arch during weight-bearing is thus the key indicator of pes planus, confirming the diagnosis.