What tests are utilized to assess the stability of the ankle?

• A. Inversion and eversion stress tests
• B. Gait analysis
• C. Patient history review
• D. Manual muscle testing

Answer: (A)

The inversion and eversion stress tests are specifically designed to evaluate the stability of the ankle, particularly the integrity of the ligaments that support the ankle joint. These tests involve applying lateral (inversion) and medial (eversion) forces to the foot, which can help identify potential damage to the ligaments, such as the anterior talofibular ligament and the deltoid ligament. Positive results from these tests indicate instability or injury in the ankle, allowing healthcare professionals to determine the presence of conditions like sprains or tears.

Gait analysis primarily assesses the overall walking pattern and biomechanics rather than the specific stability of the ankle. While it can provide useful information about lower extremity function and potential compensations due to pain or weakness, it does not directly test the stability of the ankle joint itself.

A patient history review can provide context about prior injuries or conditions but does not quantitatively assess the stability of the ankle. It is an important part of the assessment process but does not involve any physical testing of the joint.

Manual muscle testing evaluates the strength of specific muscles around the ankle, contributing to understanding the overall muscular support of the joint. However, it does not directly measure the stability provided by the ligaments and does not replicate the conditions under which