Which assessment technique is used to evaluate the integrity of the Achilles tendon?

• A. Palpation and Thompson test
• B. Range of motion assessment
• C. X-ray imaging
• D. Ultrasound examination

Answer: (A)

To evaluate the integrity of the Achilles tendon, palpation and the Thompson test are the most effective assessment techniques. Palpation allows the clinician to feel for any abnormalities in the tendon, such as thickening, tenderness, or gaps that may indicate a tear. The Thompson test specifically assesses the function of the Achilles tendon by checking for plantar flexion of the foot when the calf muscle is squeezed. In a healthy individual, squeezing the calf should result in a movement of the foot, indicating that the tendon is intact. If the tendon is ruptured, there would be no movement, which raises suspicion for an injury.

The other assessment techniques, while useful in certain contexts, do not directly assess the tendon integrity in the same manner. Range of motion assessment evaluates how much movement a joint can achieve but does not specifically test the functionality of the Achilles tendon. X-ray imaging is primarily used for evaluating bone structures and cannot visualize soft tissue such as tendons effectively. Ultrasound examination may provide insights into tendon structure but is often used as a complementary tool rather than a primary assessment for integrity. Therefore, the combination of palpation and the Thompson test forms a direct and functional approach to evaluate the Achilles tendon specifically.