Which pathologies can be assessed with a Trendelenburg test?

• A. Joint effusion or swelling
• B. Hip abductor weakness or gluteus medius insufficiency
• C. Fracture of the femur
• D. Patellar tendinopathy

Answer: (B)

The Trendelenburg test is specifically designed to assess hip abductor strength and, more precisely, the function of the gluteus medius muscle. When performing the test, the patient stands on one leg, and a positive result is indicated if the pelvis drops on the side opposite the stance leg. This demonstrates weakness in the hip abductor muscles, particularly the gluteus medius, which are crucial for stabilizing the pelvis during single-leg stance.

In the context of the other options, they pertain to different clinical assessments. Joint effusion or swelling is usually evaluated through different physical examination techniques, such as palpation or range of motion tests. A fracture of the femur would require imaging studies and specific assessment techniques unrelated to the Trendelenburg test. Likewise, patellar tendinopathy is assessed through different tests focused on the knee and patellar area, not the hip or pelvic stability. Therefore, the Trendelenburg test is a focused assessment tool specifically used to evaluate hip abductor weakness or insufficiency of the gluteus medius.